This is definitely a valid concern, and I'm sure if it were a view that 'I' believe being censored I'd be outraged as well. Regardless, I don't think that it shouldn't be attempted just because it would be difficult; the alternative - as I mention - is hardly better.
Perhaps the most practical solution would be to regulate delivery versus content. You could set up an committee who's job is to investigate the ways social media platforms offer content. If they can then demonstrate that there is a causal link between these systems and polarization/hate crimes, then they could write policy to regulate this. I don't know of any such precedent being set before, although this is a relatively unprecedented issue in the grand scheme of things.
Of course, again, I fully appreciate this is risky territory. However, leaving things as is simply because we haven't encountered this problem is a 'head-in-the-sand' approach which I cannot get behind.